Fragility curves for existing reinforced concrete buildings, including soil–structure interaction and site amplification effects

SSI and site amplification effects are investigated as influences on the seismic fragility of existing reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame dual frame-wall system buildings supported shallow foundations without interconnecting beams. We build upon a holistic methodology that accounts for soil–foundation–structure interaction using modular approach. calculate curves based nonlinear dynamic analyses various building structural typologies geometries, infill conditions, code provisions, soil profile materials characteristics. demonstrate during earthquakes may significantly increase system, which is reflected in its vulnerability. Moreover, especially prevalent soft profiles might modify their fragility. propose method to include and/or soil–structure large-scale earthquake vulnerability assessment modifiers, we express an easy-to-code equation form.